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|subdivision = Part |nation = the United Kingdom |title_leader = Monarch |title_deputy = Lord Lieutenant |leader1 = George III (first) |leader2 = George V (last) |year_leader1 = 1801–1820 |year_leader2 = 1910–1921 |deputy1 = Philip Yorke (first) |deputy2 = Edmund FitzAlan (last) |year_deputy1 = 1801–1805 |year_deputy2 = 1921 |representative1 = Charles Abbot ''first'' |representative2 = Hamar Greenwood ''last'' |year_representative1 = 1801–1802 |year_representative2 = 1920–1921 |title_representative = Chief Secretary |capital = Dublin |year_start = 1801 |year_end = 1921 |event_start = Union with Great Britain |date_start = 1 January |event_end = Government of Ireland Act |date_end = 3 May 1921 |image_map = Ireland in the UK and Europe.svg |image_map_caption = |p1 = Kingdom of Ireland |image_p1 = |s1 = Northern Ireland |flag_s1 = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |s2 = Southern Ireland (1921–22) |flag_s2 = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |width = 265px }} Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1801 to 1922. For almost all of this period, the island was governed by the UK Parliament in London through its Dublin Castle administration in Ireland. Ireland faced considerable economic difficulties in the 19th century, including the Great Famine of the 1840s. The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a vigorous campaign for Irish Home Rule. While legislation enabling Irish Home Rule was eventually passed, militant and armed opposition from Irish unionists, particularly in Ulster, opposed it. Proclamation was shelved for the duration following the outbreak of the Great War. By 1918, however, moderate Irish nationalism had been eclipsed by militant republican separatism. In 1919, war broke out between republican separatists and British Government forces. In 1921, the British Government partitioned Ireland into two semi-autonomous regions: Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland, intended to be co-ordinated by a Council of Ireland. Upon Royal Assent, the Parliament of Northern Ireland came into being in 1921. However, the institutions of Southern Ireland never became functional. On 11 July 1921, a ceasefire was agreed between the separatists and the British Government. Subsequent negotiations between Sinn Féin, the major Irish party, and the UK government led to the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty which resulted in five-sixths of Ireland seceding from the United Kingdom. Under the terms of The Treaty, the whole island of Ireland was granted Dominion status as the Irish Free State. An opt-out provision for the Northern Ireland region resulted in its decision to remain part of the UK, while the remainder became the Irish Free State. ==Act of Union== Ireland opened the 19th century still reeling from the after-effects of the Irish Rebellion of 1798. Prisoners were still being deported to Australia and sporadic violence continued in County Wicklow. There was another abortive rebellion led by Robert Emmet in 1803. The Act of Union, which constitutionally made Ireland part of the British state, can largely be seen as an attempt to redress some of the grievances behind the 1798 rising and to prevent it from destabilising Britain or providing a base for foreign invasion. In 1800 the Irish Parliament and the Parliament of Great Britain passed the Act of Union which, from 1 January 1801, abolished the Irish legislature, and merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. After one failed attempt, the passage of the act in the Irish parliament was finally achieved, albeit, as with the 1707 Acts of Union that united Britain, with the mass bribery of members of both houses, who were awarded British peerages and other "encouragements".〔Alan J. Ward, The Irish Constitutional Tradition p.28.〕 In this period, Ireland was governed by authorities appointed in Great Britain. These were the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who was appointed by the King, and the Chief Secretary for Ireland appointed by the British Prime Minister. As the century went on, the British Parliament took over from the monarch as the executive as well as legislative branch of government. For this reason, in Ireland, the Chief Secretary became more important than the Lord Lieutenant, who became of more symbolic than real importance. After the abolition of the Irish Parliament, Irish Members of Parliament were elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in Westminster. The British Administration in Ireland – known by metonymy as "Dublin Castle" – remained largely dominated by the Anglo-Irish establishment until its removal from Dublin in 1922. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Ireland (1801–1923)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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